How the Great Crowns Fell

The French monarchy fell in 1792, returned, and fell for good in 1870. China abolished its empire in 1912, Russia lost its tsar in the revolution of 1917, and the German, Austrian and Ottoman thrones all fell in 1918 after the First World War.

Italy voted out its king in 1946, Greece in 1973, Iran fell to revolution in 1979 and Nepal abolished its crown in 2008. War, revolution and referendum were the three executioners of monarchy.