Monarchs of Middle East and Persia

8 monarchs and royal houses of Middle East and Persia, listed alphabetically with title and reign.

Founder of the Persian empire, who toppled the Medes, Lydia and Babylon in under three decades, creating the largest empire yet...

Great King who organized the Persian empire into satrapies with the royal road, postal couriers and a single coinage, the daric...

Fifth Abbasid caliph, whose Baghdad was the largest city on earth and a center of translation, science and the paper mills that...

The royal house of Saudi Arabia, whose alliance between Muhammad bin Saud and the preacher Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab began in...

Conqueror of Constantinople, breaching the Theodosian walls in May 1453 at the age of 21 with the largest cannon of the age. He...

The frontier lord whose small beylik in Anatolia around 1299 grew into the Ottoman state. He gave his name to the dynasty...

Kurdish founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, sultan of Egypt and Syria from 1174, who destroyed the crusader army at Hattin in 1187...

Tenth and greatest Ottoman sultan, called the Lawgiver by his own people. He took Belgrade, Rhodes and Hungary, reached the gates...